How to Install Magento 2 Using Composer

Starting from Magento version 2.4.2 onwards, command line is the default (and only) method for installing Magento. And while you could technically download an archive of the Magento version that you want to install, this method is not really recommended and you should use Composer to download Magento instead, as it provides various more benefits including:

• Reuse third-party libraries without bundling them with source code
• Reduce extension conflicts and compatibility issues by using a component-based architecture with robust dependency management
• Adhere to PHP-Framework Interoperability Group (FIG) standards
• Repackage Magento Open Source with other components
• Use the Magento software in a production environment

Note: You may want to check Magento 2 System Requirements first before installing Magento using Composer.

Step 1: Install Composer

1. Run the following command to check if Composer has already been installed:

composer --help
composer list --help

2. If nothing displays or you face any errors, please install Composer:

Create an empty directory on your Magento server and run the following commands:

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

3. Run the following command to make your Composer globally available

mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Step 2: Download Magento 2

Run the following command in the root directory.

composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition .

For example, let’s say we want to download Magento 2.4.2 in our root directory.

composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-enterprise-edition=2.4.2 .

Step 3: Set Up Permissions

You should set correct permissions for the whole Magento 2 installation directory by running the below command:

find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;            
find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;        
chmod -Rf 777 var
chmod -Rf 777 pub/static
chmod -Rf 777 pub/media
chmod 777 ./app/etc
chmod 644 ./app/etc/*.xml
chmod -Rf 775 bin

Step 4: Create The Database

Create an empty database to work with MySQL in case you have already have correct permissions:

echo "CREATE DATABASE magento2" | mysql -u[mysqluser] -p

Step 5: Install Magento 2

Run the following lines in Command Line to install your Magento 2:

php bin/magento setup:install 
--base-url="http://yoururl.com/" 
--db-host="localhost" 
--db-name="dbname" 
--db-user="dbuser" 
--db-password="dbpass" 
--admin-firstname="admin" 
--admin-lastname="admin" 
--admin-email="user@example.com" 
--admin-user="admin" 
--admin-password="admin123" 
--language="en_US" 
--currency="USD"
--timezone="America/Chicago" 
--use-rewrites="1" 
--backend-frontname="admin"<b>
</b>

• base-url: the path that your Magento directory is in, which follows the following format: http[s]://<host or ip>/<your Magento install dir>/

• db-host: the hostname or IP address of your host 
• db-name: change it to the name of the Magento database you just created
• db-user: a database user with full permission. We’ll be using the default root user.
• db-password: the password of your database user. Leave it blank if you’re using ‘root’ database user
• admin-firstname: your first name
• admin-lastname: your lastname 
• admin-email: your email address
• admin-user: the username which you’ll be using to log into Admin Panel
• admin-password: the password which you’ll be using to log into Admin Panel
• language: the language which you’ll be using in your Admin Panel and your storefront. Use language code like en_US.
• admin-email: change it to your email
• currency: set the default currency to use in your storefront.Enter php bin/magento info:currency:list for a list of supported currencies along with their codes
• timezone: change to the timezone that you’re in. Refer to the list of supported timezones for a better idea on what to fill.
• url-rewrites: set to 1 to enable Web Server Rewrites. This will help with your site ranking.
• backend-frontname: set your Admin URL. Omitting this parameter will result in a randomly generated URL for your Magento Admin path (e.g., admin_jkhgdfq)
• search-engine: set the version of Elasticsearch that you want to use for this Magento installation. The default is elasticsearch7
• elasticsearch-host: the hostname or IP address where Elasticsearch is running. The default is localhost
• elasticsearch-port: the port number that Elasticsearch is listening to. The default is 9200

For more configurable options, please refer to the official guide by Magento.

Wait for a while and if you see this message:

Post installation file permissions check…
  For security, remove write permissions from these directories: 'C:/xampp/htdocs/magento24/app/etc'
  [Progress: 1270 / 1270]
  [SUCCESS]: Magento installation complete.
  [SUCCESS]: Admin Panel URI: /admin
 Nothing to import.

You have successfully installed Magento using Composer!

The above values are just examples, you definitely should change them according to your own info.

Hope this helps!

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